Fishing Industry

Commercial fishing is a worldwide water fish, shellfish, and marine mammals, and their processing for market. Fishing equipment ranges from small boats whose nets are cast and hauled in by hand to factory ships equipped with the most advanced technologies for finding, harvesting, and processing huge quantities of fish. These large catches are made at heavy expense, however, not only in the cost of the equipment and fuel, but also in the potential depletion of fishery resources.

The major portion of the total fish harvest consists of relatively few fish species, which is divided into two groups. Pelagic species, those which inhabit the near surface layers of the oceans, include several species of herring, tuna, salmon, anchovies, pilchard, sardines, menchaden, and mackerel. Demersal species, fish that inhabit the near bottom layers of the ocean, include cod, sole, halibut, haddock, hake, and flounder. Large catches are also made of animals called shellfish, shrimp, lobster, scallops, oysters, clams, crabs, mussels, and squid. The major marine mammal, the whale, has lost most of its former commercial importance.

Almost all large pelagic and damersal fich catches are made over the continental shelf, the underwater plateau surrounding the continents and large islands. In these water temperatures, water depths, and the currents that influence the quantities of available food create an environment that is highly favorable to the existence of large school of fish. The animals living in and on the bottom of the continental shelf serve as additional food sources for demersal fish. Furthermore, most species spawn on continental shelves, and the main nursery grounds of many species are also in coastal regions.

The Development of the Fishing Industry
Prehistoric people were hunters and food collectors, and they found much of food in lakes, river, and shallow coastal ocean waters. Shellfish were the most accessible food fish, and the large shell heaps found throughout the world bear witness to the first fishing technique, the use of bare hands.

During the Mesolithic Period (c 10,000 – 6000 ac) certain cultures that depended almost entirely on a diet of fish developed primitive fishing technologies, including stone pointed fishing spears, fishing lines and nets, and bone harpoons. Improved equipment increased the size of catches. Drying, salting, and other techniques preserved the catch.

As large fishing craft were built, vessels ventured farther into the oceans, and sea fishing developed into a well defined vocation. Early ocean fisheries were confined to the coastal regions of settled areas and to the Mediterranean Sea. Gradually the rich fishing regions of the Atlantic Ocean and North and Baltic seas began to be exploited.

The opening of the fishing areas around Nova Scotia and Newfoundland had a considerable effect on European history. First fished by the French in the early 1500s, by the beginning of the 17th century the North Atlantic fisheries had become the principal source of New World wealth for England.

The Principal Fisheries
The most important world fisheries are located in waters less than 400 m (1300 ft) in depth. The major fishing grounds are in the North Atlantic (including the Grand Banks and the Georges Banks off the New England coast), the North Sea, the waters over the continental shelves of Iceland and Norway, and the Barents Sea; in the North Pacific, particularly the Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska, and the coastal areas around Japan, and in the Pacific waters off the coasts of China and Malaysia. Other important fishing grounds are found off the Peruvian coast and off the coast of the southeastern United States.

Fishing is often restricted to the spawning periods of a particular species. Fortunately, different stocks of the same species often have different spawning times on different grounds, and this fact enables the fishery to be extended over longer periods. For example, the Norwegian “spring herring” gathers for spawning mainly in September to December.

The local fisheries of the African coast, and many of those found elsewhere in the tropics, remain relatively underdeveloped. The principal limiting factors are first, the narrowness of the continental shelf, which limits the presence of demersal fish, and the existence of a straight coasting that offers few possibilities for good harbors; second, the high temperatures, which effect the keeping quality of the fish catch and third, limited access to the interior, making marketing difficulties.

Major Fishing Countries
By the early 1990s, China had emerged as the nation with the largest fish catches, totaling some 15 million metric tons (16.5 million US tons) in 1992. (The Chinese catch is, however, largely from aquaculture, Japan is second, followed by Peru, Chile, Russia, and United States. The Pacific countries of Indonesia, Thailand, and South Korea complete the list of the ten principal fishing nations.

Other Kind Fishes:

• Catfish
• The world crabs
• Dolphin

Giant Squid Was Catched

Researchers accidentally discovered a giant squid with long 5.9 meters caught in their nets off the coast of Louisiana, Gulf, Mexico. The findings of rare animals in these locations showed many things we do not know about the giant squid.

Squid was netted newly weighed 46.7 kg. He was captured on July 30, at a net trawls in a depth of 450 meters below the water that pulled the ship researchers. However, animals die because they can not adjust to changes in pressure at different water depths when brought to the surface.
"When it comes trawl nets from the water, I saw there was something big in it, very big," said Anthony Martinez, water mammal researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

The researchers are examining the actual types of sperm whale food intended to preserve the squid they found and sent to the Smithsonian Natural History Museum for further investigation.

Giant squid are rarely found in one piece. Researchers usually only see the remnants of her body in the stomach as eat of sperm whales animal. These findings make it very valuable for researchers, this the animals study will completed the animals reference.

Giant squid can reach lengths of 12 meters and usually found in the deep ocean, as in the waters of Spain and New Zealand. Previously recorded only once, in 1954, a giant squid was found dead floating in the Mississippi Delta, is still at around the Gulf of Mexico.

Other Animals Story:

• Endanger Animals
• Ancient Fish
• Martin Fish
• Freshwater Crab

Panda Bear from China

We often see this animals look so sweet on the television, but actually this animals is bear, yes the Bear from China. The different of other bear that is usually eat meat, this bear is herbivore, eat of young bamboo leaf. May be similar with other animals world that many kind of similar animals but different meal. Like us a human from different area have different meal, people from Antarctica should eat meat everyday, different with normally people that just enough to eat of rice or bread plus others vegetables and many kind of fruit like tomato, mango, orange, papaya, fig fruit, kiwi, and many other of fruit.

Padas comprise two species of mammals, each the sole member of its genus. The giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is commonly classified as a bear, family Ursidae; the lesser, or red, panda, Ailurus Fulgens, is usually placed with the raccons, family Procyonidae.

The giant panda, a rare and closely protected pandas animal lives in the cool, panda including of endanger species that still exist now, damp bamboo forestsof mountainous central China, generally at elevations of 1500 to 4000 m (5000 TO 13000 ft). Its thick, wooly coat is black or brownish black and yellowish white; the darker color terms patches around the eyes, covers the ears, legs, and chest, and forms a band across the shoulders. Giant pandas grow to 1.5 m (5 ft) long, plus a short tail, and weigh 150 kg (330 lb) or more. Bamboo constitutes most of their diet. One or two young are born.

The lesser panda is found in the forested mountain of western China at elevations of 1.800 to 4000 m (6.000 to 13.000 ft). Its dense, wooly coat of reddish brown has lighter colored bands on the tail and dark red brown to black undersides. The face animal grows to 112 cm (44 in) long, including a 48 cm (19 in) tail, and weighs up to 5 kg (1.1 lb).

The panda polulation has declined sharply in the last decade, due to human encroachment of the pandas' natural habitats in bamboo thickets. Pandas are being forced to move into isolated communities, resulting in inbreeding and a loss of food. The chinese government has established 12 panda reverses with new breeding center in an attempt to prevent the panda's extinction. Breeding of pandas in captivity has had limited success, however, because their sexual habits are poorly understood.